Utent:Insübrich/Sabiun

La partisela Tau (o tauun) l'è una partisela elementara cun carica negativa e una masa de 1,777 MeV. A lee l'è asuciada un'antipartisela e un neütrin. El tauun l'è clasificaa intra i leptun, l'è una partisela de tersa generasiun e la decad a la svelta per vegnì una partisela stabil. Per la cunservasiun del nümer leptonich, un neütrin tauonich el vegn creaa quand un tauun el decad per vegnì un leptun püsee leger (muun o eletrun). Anca se'l gh'ha una masa püsee granda e l'è minga stabil, el tauun l'è cumpagn al'eletrun.

Quel articul chì l'è scrivüü in Lumbard, cun l'urtugrafia insübrica ünificada.

Quell articul chì l'è dumà un sbozz. Se violter sii bun de metegh dent un queicoss de pü, preocüpeves minga e provegh. Insì de vegh un'idea de tücc i olter sbozz, vardii chì.

Quella vus chi la gh'ha minga di funt u hin trop poch. Per piesé, giunta di funt a la vus. Insì de vegh un'idea de tücc i olter vus senza font, vardii chì.

La spetruscupia XAS (X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy) la stüdia cume'l va el cueficient de surbiment d'una sustansa in funsiun del energia de la radiasiun X, prima de la söja de surbiment futueletric fina a 1000 eV dopu la söja.
Vist che gh'emm de cambia l'energia de la radiasiun e che el signal che'l vegn föra del campiun l'è de solet 1/1000 del segnal tutal, se dupra una surgent de ragg X cun brilansa granda per una larga banda d'energia: una lüs de sincrutrun. Quest l'è propi un prublema perchè se poden fa i speriment dumà in dii laboratori dii sincrutrun.

Quel articul chì l'è scrivüü in Lumbard, cun l'urtugrafia insübrica ünificada.

Quell articul chì l'è dumà un sbozz. Se violter sii bun de metegh dent un queicoss de pü, preocüpeves minga e provegh. Insì de vegh un'idea de tücc i olter sbozz, vardii chì.

Quella vus chi la gh'ha minga di funt u hin trop poch. Per piesé, giunta di funt a la vus. Insì de vegh un'idea de tücc i olter vus senza font, vardii chì.

El bidofun (in ingles washtub bass), ciamaa anca liron o tulòn, l'è un istrüment müsegal de la fameja dij curdofun piśigaa. El strument l'è cumpagn cume timber del viuluncell e del viurun.
El pö vess grant anca püśee de düü meter e'l pö vess sunaa 'me vus percüśiva e 'me vus melodica.
Per fà sü un bidofun ghe vören:

un bidun de legn, de plastica o metall;
un manich de la scua, de legn dür, lungh preśapocch düü meter;
una corda cunt un diameter max de 0,5 cm;
düü bülun cun la ranèla
una vid cun l'ugiö.

La costruzione è relativamente semplice, basta forare il fondo del bidone nel centro, bloccare i due bulloni uno da una parte ed uno dall'altra del fondo con le rondelle inserite in modo che il bidone non si rovini, fissare la corda all'occhiello da una parte e dall'altra al capo del manico di scopa. Si incide poi una tacca nel manico della scopa in modo che sia semplice appoggiarla al bordo del bidone. Ora si pone il problema di fare uscire le onde sonore dallo strumento. Tra le soluzioni migliori del legno sagomato in maniera da tenere il bidone lievemente inclinato e discosto da terra.

Quel articul chì l'è scrivüü in Lumbard, cun l'urtugrafia insübrica ünificada.

Quell articul chì l'è dumà un sbozz. Se violter sii bun de metegh dent un queicoss de pü, preocüpeves minga e provegh. Insì de vegh un'idea de tücc i olter sbozz, vardii chì.

Quella vus chi la gh'ha minga di funt u hin trop poch. Per piesé, giunta di funt a la vus. Insì de vegh un'idea de tücc i olter vus senza font, vardii chì.

El premi Nobel l'è un premi per i gent che hann faa ricerch, invensiun e istrüment rivulünar, e che hann daa cuntribüü impurtant a la sucietà. A l'è cunsiderà el premi püsee impurtant in del munt d'incö.
El premi el fa part dij ültim vuluntà del Alfred Nobel, un indüstrial svedes e l'inventur de la dinamitt.

This article includes three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product per capita at nominal values, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year, converted at market exchange rates to current U.S. dollars, divided by the average (or mid-year) population for the same year.

The figures presented here do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results can vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency. Such fluctuations may change a country's ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference to the standard of living of its population. Therefore these figures should be used with caution.

Comparisons of national wealth are also frequently made on the basis of purchasing power parity (PPP), to adjust for differences in the cost of living in different countries. (See List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita.) PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem, but has its own drawbacks. It does not reflect the value of economic output in international trade, and it also requires more estimation than GDP per capita. On the whole PPP per capita figures are more narrowly spread than GDP per capita figures.

Great care should be taken when using either set of figures to compare the wealth of two countries. Often people who wish to promote or denigrate a country will use the figure that suits their case best and ignore the other one, which may be substantially different, but a valid comparison of two economies should take both rankings into account, as well as utilising other economic data to put an economy in context.

Several economies which are not considered to be countries (world, EU, and some dependent territories) are included in the list because they appear in the sources. These economies are not ranked in the charts here, but are listed in sequence by GDP for comparison.

The "IMF" column includes estimated data for the year 2007 for members of the International Monetary Fund (plus the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region), for which information is available.
The "WB" column includes data for the year 2007 from the World Bank.
The "CIA" column includes estimated data for the year 2007 from The World Factbook, provided by the Central Intelligence Agency, as of June 19 2008.

All data are in United States dollars. Non-sovereign entities or other special groupings are marked in italics.

Note: To sort the table in descending order, click twice on the square above the column you wish to sort by.

Country	Rank	IMF^[1]	Rank	WB^[2]	Rank	CIA^[3]
Afghanistan	168	323	—	—	174	277
Albania	96	3,354	87	3,323	102	2,950
Algeria	87	3,825	75	3,996	89	3,945
Modell:Country data Angola	88	3,757	84	3,440	79	5,003
Modell:Country data Antigua and Barbuda	45	13,092	36	12,071	47	13,054
Argentina	66	6,606	56	6,641	68	6,492
Armenia	108	2,297	90	3,058	105	2,683
Australia	15	43,312	17	39,098	16	43,798
Austria	13	45,181	11	45,343	14	45,599
Modell:Country data Azerbaijan	91	3,663	83	3,646	92	3,857
Modell:Country data Bahrain	29	25,731	—	—	29	27,746
Modell:Country data Bangladesh	157	455	151	427	160	481
Modell:Country data Barbados	44	13,605	—	—	46	13,309
Belarus	78	4,641	69	4,615	81	4,604
Belgium	17	42,557	13	42,213	17	43,648
Modell:Country data Belize	84	4,098	72	4,191	84	4,324
Modell:Country data Benin	145	692	145	601	149	656
Modell:Country data Bhutan	112	2,012	112	1,668	116	1,943
Modell:Country data Bolivia	123	1,342	117	1,378	125	1,446
Modell:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	3,712	80	3,733	99	3,247
Modell:Country data Botswana	59	7,888	57	6,263	64	6,780
Brazil	64	6,938	53	6,859	65	6,776
Modell:Country data Brunei	24	32,167	—	—	26	33,077
Bulgaria	77	5,186	65	5,175	75	5,409
Burkina Faso	155	508	150	458	161	472
Modell:Country data Burundi	178	128	170	115	184	119
Modell:Country data Cambodia	152	600	146	597	156	615
Modell:Country data Cameroon	128	1,095	121	1,114	131	1,143
Canada	14	43,485	15	40,222	18	43,478
Modell:Country data Cape Verde	100	2,891	94	2,706	98	3,365
Modell:Country data Central African Republic	162	402	153	394	165	392
Modell:Country data Chad	142	747	142	658	147	718
Chile	51	9,879	42	9,877	53	10,047
Colombia	93	3,611	81	3,729	91	3,867
Modell:Country data Comoros	146	691	139	717	153	621
Costa Rica	69	5,905	63	5,653	69	6,342
Modell:Country data Côte d'Ivoire	129	1,045	123	1,016	134	993
Croatia	48	11,576	38	11,554	50	11,430
Cuba	—	—	—	—	88	3,958
Modell:Country data Cyprus	28	27,327	24	27,036	30	27,015
Czech Republic	36	17,070	30	16,271	39	17,138
Modell:Country data Democratic Republic of the Congo	177	166	169	144	182	157
Denmark	7	57,261	5	56,427	7	57,040
Modell:Country data Djibouti	127	1,099	126	996	120	1,694
Modell:Country data Dominica	80	4,333	71	4,493	85	4,297
Modell:Country data Dominican Republic	83	4,147	79	3,762	90	3,886
Ecuador	97	3,218	88	3,312	100	3,212
Egypt	117	1,739	111	1,697	123	1,592
Modell:Country data El Salvador	101	2,857	92	2,950	103	2,932
Modell:Country data Equatorial Guinea^[4]	55	8,702	29	19,533	38	17,490
Modell:Country data Eritrea	171	281	165	248	178	246
Estonia	39	15,851	31	15,856	41	16,171
Eswatini	104	2,523	97	2,569	108	2,591
Modell:Country data Ethiopia	173	252	166	245	179	243
Modell:Country data Fiji	85	3,921	73	4,097	76	5,408
Finland	9	46,602	8	46,515	10	46,769
France	18	41,511	14	41,523	20	42,053
Gabon	60	7,887	50	8,011	60	7,759
Georgia	107	2,355	103	2,315	110	2,215
Germany	19	40,415	16	40,079	21	40,315
Modell:Country data Ghana	148	676	143	650	150	648
Greece	27	28,273	21	32,166	28	29,385
Modell:Country data Grenada	73	5,571	66	5,130	67	6,555
Modell:Country data Guatemala	103	2,532	98	2,505	106	2,647
Guinea-Bissau	175	206	167	211	180	233
Modell:Country data Guinea	156	473	149	487	159	493
Modell:Country data Guyana	122	1,365	116	1,413	127	1,351
Modell:Country data Haiti	151	630	144	638	152	624
Modell:Country data Honduras	118	1,635	110	1,732	121	1,641
Modell:Country data Hong Kong	—	29,650	—	29,845	—	29,611
Hungary	43	13,762	35	13,741	42	13,901
Modell:Country data Iceland	4	63,830	3	62,733	5	66,240
India	131	978	122	1,042	137	973
Modell:Country data Indonesia	115	1,925	108	1,918	119	1,845
Modell:Country data Iran	82	4,149	78	3,815	82	4,497
Modell:Country data Iraq	—	—	—	—	113	2,016
Ireland	5	59,924	4	58,399	6	62,934
Israel	31	22,475	25	22,563	31	23,161
Italy	20	35,872	18	35,494	22	36,201
Modell:Country data Jamaica	81	4,172	74	4,012	87	4,029
Japan	22	34,312	20	34,254	25	34,402
Modell:Country data Jordan	102	2,795	93	2,768	107	2,645
Modell:Country data Kazakhstan	65	6,868	55	6,708	63	6,791
Kenya	139	845	137	786	144	794
Modell:Country data Kiribati	147	686	132	853	154	621
Modell:Country data Kuwait	23	33,634	—	—	15	44,421
Modell:Country data Kyrgyzstan	143	713	141	669	148	709
Modell:Country data Laos	150	656	140	684	155	618
Latvia	46	11,985	37	11,931	49	12,098
Modell:Country data Lebanon	67	6,569	60	5,858	70	6,277
Modell:Country data Lesotho	149	665	136	798	145	753
Modell:Country data Liberia	176	195	168	193	181	228
Modell:Country data Libya	53	9,372	43	9,476	54	9,452
Modell:Country data Liechtenstein	—	—	—	—	1	106,082^[5]
Lithuania	49	11,354	39	11,353	52	10,726
Luxembourg	1	104,673	1	99,879	2	104,452
Madagascar	159	431	156	372	167	376
Modell:Country data Malawi	172	264	164	255	177	260
Modell:Country data Malaysia	63	6,948	54	6,807	61	7,509
Modell:Country data Maldives	99	3,040	85	3,439	104	2,874
Modell:Country data Mali	154	517	147	556	157	562
Malta	35	18,088	—	—	37	18,461
Modell:Country data Marshall Islands	—	—	100	2,433	—	—
Modell:Country data Mauritania	134	931	133	847	141	843
Mauritius	74	5,520	67	5,038	74	5,506
Mexico	58	8,479	47	8,486	59	8,219
Modell:Country data Micronesia	—	—	102	2,315	—	—
Moldova	124	1,248	119	1,159	135	976
Modell:Country data Mongolia	121	1,486	115	1,491	128	1,323
Montenegro	—	—	58	5,928	83	4,343
Morocco	106	2,389	101	2,374	111	2,171
Mozambique	165	369	159	363	169	362
Modell:Country data Myanmar	174	235	—	—	173	286
Namibia	94	3,584	89	3,250	96	3,577
Modell:Country data Nepal	163	400	158	363	171	333
Netherlands	10	46,261	9	46,041	11	46,389
Modell:Country data New Zealand	26	30,256	23	30,599	27	30,999
Modell:Country data Nicaragua	133	945	124	1,013	133	1,008
Modell:Country data Niger	169	313	162	294	172	324
Nigeria	126	1,159	120	1,120	130	1,164
Norway	2	83,922	2	81,111	3	84,595
Modell:Country data Oman	40	15,584	—	—	48	12,492
Pakistan	137	909	131	884	140	849
Modell:Country data Palau	—	—	49	8,200	—	—
Panama	70	5,904	59	5,908	71	6,058
Modell:Country data Papua New Guinea	130	991	127	990	132	1,034
Paraguay	116	1,802	107	1,961	122	1,630
Modell:Country data People's Republic of China	105	2,461	99	2,485	109	2,459
Peru	86	3,886	76	3,910	93	3,787
Philippines	119	1,625	113	1,640	124	1,530
Poland	47	11,693	40	11,043	51	10,912
Portugal	32	21,019	27	20,762	34	20,981
Modell:Country data Qatar	3	72,849	—	—	4	83,152
Modell:Country data Republic of China (Taiwan)	37	16,606	—	—	40	16,768
Modell:Country data Republic of Macedonia	92	3,659	82	3,726	95	3,647
Modell:Country data Republic of the Congo	109	2,159	105	2,030	114	2,015
Romania	61	7,697	51	7,703	62	7,452
Russia	54	9,075	44	9,115	56	9,096
Modell:Country data Rwanda	167	353	161	341	170	335
Modell:Country data Saint Kitts and Nevis	50	10,143	41	10,755	45	13,323
Modell:Country data Saint Lucia	71	5,689	62	5,702	72	6,030
Modell:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	75	5,229	70	4,608	80	4,731
Modell:Country data Samoa	111	2,101	96	2,578	118	1,853
Modell:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe	138	881	129	918	146	721
Modell:Country data Saudi Arabia	41	15,481	32	15,775	44	13,630
Senegal	136	910	130	898	139	888
Serbia	72	5,596	64	5,630	86	4,106
Modell:Country data Seychelles	57	8,581	46	8,565	58	8,670
Modell:Country data Sierra Leone	170	290	163	286	175	270
Modell:Country data Singapore	21	35,163	19	35,160	24	35,427
Slovakia	42	13,857	34	13,887	43	13,766
Slovenia	30	22,933	26	22,523	32	22,934
Modell:Country data Solomon Islands	144	704	138	745	151	631
Modell:Country data Somalia	—	—	—	—	176	267
South Africa	68	5,906	61	5,833	73	5,843
Modell:Country data South Korea	34	19,751	28	19,983	35	19,836
Spain	25	32,067	22	31,846	23	35,576
Sri Lanka	120	1,506	114	1,622	126	1,434
Modell:Country data Sudan	125	1,242	118	1,235	129	1,262
Modell:Country data Suriname	79	4,577	68	4,893	78	5,106
Sweden	8	49,655	7	48,584	9	50,415
Switzerland	6	58,084	6	55,035	8	56,111
Modell:Country data Syria	114	1,946	109	1,914	115	1,955
Modell:Country data Tajikistan	153	578	148	551	158	525
Modell:Country data Tanzania	160	415	152	400	164	411
Thailand	89	3,737	77	3,851	94	3,776
Modell:Country data The Bahamas	33	19,781	—	—	33	21,547
Modell:Country data The Gambia	161	411	155	377	166	387
Modell:Country data Timor-Leste	158	440	157	371	163	423
Modell:Country data Togo	164	387	154	379	162	438
Modell:Country data Tonga	110	2,138	104	2,287	117	1,873
Modell:Country data Trinidad and Tobago	38	15,905	33	14,990	36	19,591
Tunisia	95	3,398	86	3,417	97	3,405
Turkey	52	9,629	45	8,893	55	9,323
Modell:Country data Turkmenistan	76	5,189	95	2,606	77	5,280
Modell:Country data Uganda	166	363	160	363	168	371
Ukraine	98	3,046	91	3,029	101	3,035
Modell:Country data United Arab Emirates	16	42,934	—	—	19	43,339
United Kingdom	12	45,575	12	44,693	13	45,626
United States	11	45,845	10	45,790	12	45,959
Uruguay	62	7,172	52	6,956	66	6,632
Uzbekistan	141	815	135	830	142	824
Vanuatu	113	1,989	106	2,000	112	2,143
Modell:Country data Venezuela	56	8,596	48	8,303	57	9,084
Vietnam	140	818	134	836	143	821
Modell:Country data West Bank and Gaza	—	—	—	1,036	—	—
Yemen	132	972	125	1,006	136	974
Modell:Country data Zambia	135	918	128	953	138	972
Modell:Country data Zimbabwe	179	55	—	—	183	151
Modell:Country data World	—	—	—	8,219	—	8,241

References

↑ Data refer to the year 2007. World Economic Outlook Database-April 2008, International Monetary Fund.
↑ Data refer to the year 2007. Total GDP 2007 & Population 2007, World Development Indicators database, World Bank, July 1 2008. Note: Per capita values were obtained by dividing the Total GDP data by the Population data.
↑ Data refer to the year 2007. GDP (official exchange rate), The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency. GDP data last updated on June 19 2008; Total Midyear Population-2007, U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base, accessed on July 12 2008. Note: Per capita values were obtained by dividing the GDP (official exchange rate) data by the Population data.
↑ The IMF is using a 2007 population estimate based on a 2001 census whose validity has been called into question. A 2003 U.S State Department report on Equatorial Guinea stated that "although the 2002 (sic) census estimated the population at 1,015,000, credible estimates put the number at closer to 500,000. The opposition claimed that the Government inflated the census in anticipation of the December presidential election. (...) Opposition leaders charged earlier in the year that census results showing a twofold population increase were flawed and that numbers were inflated to perpetuate election fraud." [1]
↑ The value from the original source has been changed, due to the CIA World Factbook reporting a GDP for Liechtenstein of $36.33 billion, resulting in a GDP per capita of $1,060,823, which is not in line with data from either the US State Department nor the government of Liechtenstein. A Liechtenstein government website called Landesverwaltung Liechtenstein reports that the provisional GDP for 2005 was CHF4.5553 billion and the mid-year population for 2005 was 34,734, giving a GDP per capita of CHF131,148. Using the average exchange rate of the Swiss franc to the US dollar in 2005, as given by the CIA, this results in a GDP of US$3.658 billion and GDP per capita of US$105,323. The United States Department of State reports a Liechtenstein GDP for 2004 of CHF4.28 billion on its country profile article dated April 2008.

Modell:Lists of countries Modell:Global economic classifications

[1] Data refer to the year 2007. World Economic Outlook Database-April 2008, International Monetary Fund.

[2] Data refer to the year 2007. Total GDP 2007 & Population 2007, World Development Indicators database, World Bank, July 1 2008. Note: Per capita values were obtained by dividing the Total GDP data by the Population data.

[3] Data refer to the year 2007. GDP (official exchange rate), The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency. GDP data last updated on June 19 2008; Total Midyear Population-2007, U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base, accessed on July 12 2008. Note: Per capita values were obtained by dividing the GDP (official exchange rate) data by the Population data.

[4] The IMF is using a 2007 population estimate based on a 2001 census whose validity has been called into question. A 2003 U.S State Department report on Equatorial Guinea stated that "although the 2002 (sic) census estimated the population at 1,015,000, credible estimates put the number at closer to 500,000. The opposition claimed that the Government inflated the census in anticipation of the December presidential election. (...) Opposition leaders charged earlier in the year that census results showing a twofold population increase were flawed and that numbers were inflated to perpetuate election fraud." [1]

[5] The value from the original source has been changed, due to the CIA World Factbook reporting a GDP for Liechtenstein of $36.33 billion, resulting in a GDP per capita of $1,060,823, which is not in line with data from either the US State Department nor the government of Liechtenstein. A Liechtenstein government website called Landesverwaltung Liechtenstein reports that the provisional GDP for 2005 was CHF4.5553 billion and the mid-year population for 2005 was 34,734, giving a GDP per capita of CHF131,148. Using the average exchange rate of the Swiss franc to the US dollar in 2005, as given by the CIA, this results in a GDP of US$3.658 billion and GDP per capita of US$105,323. The United States Department of State reports a Liechtenstein GDP for 2004 of CHF4.28 billion on its country profile article dated April 2008.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

See also

References