Scritüra in TeX

Chesta pàgina a l'è scrivüda in Koiné da servizzi, urtugrafía ünificada. L'è de voltà in d'on dialett minga inventaa, segond i politich de 'sta Wikipedia.

El lugòtip dal TeX

El TeX l'è ü sistema da scriif pensat dal Donald Knuth in del 1978.

Dapress Zener 2003, le fórmüle matemàteghe sü la Wikipedia i pöö vess scrivüde cul sistema TeX.

Chesta sintassi al è fisc plüü fàcila a scriif e a legí che ul HTML: chí le fórmüle i è presentade in HTML si pussíbil, altrameent una imàgen PNG a l’è prudüida pal serviduur.

Le regule da basa i è le sigütante:

• le fórmüle sa i mett intra <math> ... </math> ;
• i caràtar + - = / ' | * < > ( ) peuvent vess tapee diretameent ;
• da deent una fórmüla, sa i pöö delimitá di grupp al jütt da le parentesi grafe {}, par grupá una espressiú a índes, par esempi.

Par utegní da le parentesi grafe íntal rendüü, al cuventa dunca teclá \{ u \}.

Si vuu truvee da le dificültaa, esitee mia a dumandá dal jütt aj Druvatt (üsüari) da TeX.

Caràtar spezziaj

Funziunalitaa	Sintassi	Vargott al sembra
Aczan L'esempi chí-cuntra al mustra i difereent aczan sü la lètera o.	\hat o \acute o \ddot o \vec o \check o \grave o \breve o \widehat {abc} \tilde o \bar o \dot o	${\hat {o}}\;{\acute {o}}\;{\ddot {o}}\;{\vec {o}}\;{\check {o}}\;{\grave {o}}\;{\breve {o}}\;{\widehat {abc}}\;{\tilde {o}}\;{\bar {o}}\;{\dot {o}}\;$
Aczan in le parole	mangj\acute{a}	$mangj{\acute {a}}$
Uperaduur binari	\star \times \circ \cdot \bullet \cap \cup \sqcup \vee \wedge \oplus \otimes \triangle \vdots \ddots	$\star$ $\times$ $\circ$ $\cdot$ $\bullet$ $\cap$ $\cup$ $\sqcup$ $\vee$ $\wedge$ $\oplus$ $\otimes$ $\triangle$ $\vdots$ $\ddots$
	\pm \mp \triangleleft \triangleright	$\pm \mp \;\triangleleft \;\triangleright$
Uperaduur n-ari	\sum \prod \coprod \int \oint \bigcup \bigcap \bigsqcup \bigvee \bigwedge \bigoplus \bigotimes \bigodot \biguplus	$\sum \prod \coprod \int \oint \bigcup \bigcap \bigsqcup \bigvee \bigwedge \bigoplus \bigotimes \bigodot \biguplus$
Elissi	x + \cdots + y u x + \ldots + y	$x+\cdots +y$ u $x+\ldots +y$
Separaduur	( ) [ ] \{ \} \lfloor \rfloor \lceil \rceil \langle \rangle / \backslash | \| \uparrow \Uparrow \downarrow \Downarrow \updownarrow \Updownarrow	$(\;)\;[\;]\;\{\;\}\;\lfloor \;\rfloor \;\lceil \;\rceil \;\langle \;\rangle \;/\;\backslash \;|\;\|\;\uparrow \;\Uparrow \;\downarrow \;\Downarrow \;\updownarrow \Updownarrow$
Funziú std. (be)	\sin x + \ln y +\operatorname{sgn} z	$\sin x+\ln y+\operatorname {sgn} z$
Funziú std. (maa)	sin x + ln y + sgn z	$sinx+lny+sgnz\,$
Funziú trigunumetriche	\sin \cos \tan \operatorname{cotan} \sec \operatorname{cosec}	$\sin \ \cos \ \tan \ \operatorname {cotan} \ \sec \ \operatorname {cosec} \,$
Funziú trigunumetriche inverse	\operatorname{Arcsin} \operatorname{Arccos} \operatorname{Arctan}	$\operatorname {Arcsin} \ \operatorname {Arccos} \ \operatorname {Arctan} ,$
Funziú trigonometriche iperbòliche	\operatorname{sh} \operatorname{ch} \operatorname{th} \operatorname{coth}	$\operatorname {sh} \ \operatorname {ch} \ \operatorname {th} \ \operatorname {coth} ,$
Funziú d'anàlisi	\lim \sup \inf \limsup \liminf \log \ln \lg \exp	$\lim \sup \inf \limsup \liminf \log \ln \lg \exp \arg \min \max$
Funziú d'àlgebra lineara	\det \deg \dim \hom \ker	$\det \deg \dim \hom \ker$
Aritmetica mudülara	s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}	$s_{k}\equiv 0{\pmod {m}}$
Derivade	\nabla \partial x \ dx \dot x \ddot y	$\nabla \ \partial x\ dx{\dot {x}}\ {\ddot {y}}$
Congjuunt	\forall \exists \empty \varnothing \cap \cup	$\forall \exists \emptyset \varnothing \cap \cup$
Lògica	p\wedge \land \bar{q} \to p\lor \lnot q \rightarrow p\vee	$p\wedge \land {\bar {q}}\to p\lor \lnot q\rightarrow p\vee$
Ariis	\sqrt{2}\approx\pm 1,4	${\sqrt {2}}\approx \pm 1,4$
	\sqrt[n]{x}	${\sqrt[{n}]{x}}$
Relazziú	\sim \simeq \cong \le \ge \equiv \not\equiv \approx = \propto	$\sim \ \simeq \ \cong \ \leq \ \geq \ \equiv \ \not \equiv \ \approx =\propto$
Relazziú negative	\not\sim \not\simeq \not\cong \not\le \not\ge \not\equiv \not\approx \ne \not\propto	$\not \sim \ \not \simeq \ \not \cong \ \not \leq \ \not \geq \ \not \equiv \ \not \approx \ \neq \ \not \propto$
Relazziú da cungjuunt	\subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq \in \ni	$\subset \;\subseteq \;\supset \;\supseteq \;\in \;\ni$
Relazziú negative da cungjuunt	\not\subset \not\subseteq \not\supset \not\supseteq \not\in \not\ni	$\not \subset \;\not \subseteq \;\not \supset \;\not \supseteq \;\not \in \;\not \ni$
Geumetría	\triangle \angle 45^\circ	$\triangle \ \angle \ 45^{\circ }$
Frezze	\leftarrow \rightarrow \leftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \mapsto \longmapsto \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow	$\leftarrow \ \rightarrow \ \leftrightarrow$ $\longleftarrow \ \longrightarrow$ $\mapsto \ \longmapsto$ $\nearrow \ \searrow \ \swarrow \ \nwarrow$
	\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \Leftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow	$\Leftarrow \ \Rightarrow \ \Leftrightarrow$ $\Longleftarrow \ \Longrightarrow \ \Longleftrightarrow$
Símul diveers	\pm \mp \hbar \wr \dagger \ddagger \infty \vdash \top \bot \models \vdots \ddots \imath \ell \Re \Im \wp \mho	$\pm \mp \hbar \wr \dagger \ddagger$ $\infty \ \vdash \ \top \bot \models \vdots \ddots \imath \;\ell \;\Re \;\Im \;\wp \;\mho$

Índes, espusaant

Funziunalita	Sintassi	Vargott al sembra
		en HTML	en PNG
Espusaant	a^2	$a^{2}$	$a^{2}\,\!$
Índes	a_2	$a_{2}$	$a_{2}\,\!$
Regrupameent	a^{2+2}	$a^{2+2}$	$a^{2+2}\,\!$
	a_{i,j}	$a_{i,j}$	$a_{i,j}\,\!$
Cumbiná índes e espusaant	x_2^3	$x_{2}^{3}$	$x_{2}^{3}\,\!$
Índes e espusaant precedeent	{}_1^2\!X_3^4	${}_{1}^{2}\!X_{3}^{4}$
Derivada (bú)	x'	$x'$	$x'\,\!$
Derivee (malvaas in HTML)	x^\prime	$x^{\prime }$	$x^{\prime }\,\!$
Derivada (malvaas en PNG)	x\prime	$x\prime$	$x\prime \,\!$
Derivade tempurale	\dot{x}, \ddot{x}	${\dot {x}},{\ddot {x}}$
Sutalignaa e suralignaa	\hat a \bar b \vec c \overline {g h i} \underline {j k l}	${\hat {a}}\ {\bar {b}}\ {\vec {c}}\ {\overline {ghi}}\ {\underline {jkl}}$
Vetuur e àngul	\vec U \overrightarrow{AB} \widehat {POQ}	${\vec {U}}\ \ {\overrightarrow {AB}}\ \ {\widehat {POQ}}$
Suma	\sum_{k=1}^N k^2	$\sum _{k=1}^{N}k^{2}$
Prudüit	\prod_{i=1}^N x_i	$\prod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}$
Límit	\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n	$\lim _{n\to \infty }x_{n}$
Integrala indefinida u definda	\int \frac{1}{1+t^2}\, dt \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx	$\int {\frac {1}{1+t^{2}}}\,dt\int _{-N}^{N}e^{x}\,dx$
Integrala cürvilínia	\oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy	$\oint _{C}x^{3}\,dx+4y^{2}\,dy$
Integrala dòbia	\iint e^{-\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}\, dx dy	$\iint e^{-{\frac {x^{2}+y^{2}}{2}}}\,dxdy$
Intersezziú	\bigcap_1^{n} p	$\bigcap _{1}^{n}p$
Riüniú	\bigcup_1^{k} p	$\bigcup _{1}^{k}p$

Frazziú, matriis, plüü da línie

Frazziú	\frac{2}{4} u {2 \over 4}	${\frac {2}{4}}$ u ${2 \over 4}$
Cueficeent binumiaj, cumbinazziú	{n \choose k} u C_n^k	${n \choose k}$ u $C_{n}^{k}$
Matriis	\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix}	${\begin{pmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{pmatrix}}$
	\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots & 0\end{bmatrix}	${\begin{bmatrix}0&\cdots &0\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\0&\cdots &0\end{bmatrix}}$
	\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix}	${\begin{Bmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{Bmatrix}}$
	\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix}	${\begin{vmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{vmatrix}}$
	\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix}	${\begin{Vmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{Vmatrix}}$
	\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix}	${\begin{matrix}x&y\\z&v\end{matrix}}$
Distinzziú da caas	f(n)=\left\{\begin{matrix} n/2, & \mbox{si}n\mbox{pari} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{si}n\mbox{díspari} \end{matrix}\right.	$f(n)=\left\{{\begin{matrix}n/2,&{\mbox{si}}n{\mbox{pari}}\\3n+1,&{\mbox{si}}n{\mbox{díspari}}\end{matrix}}\right.$
Equazziú sü plüü línie	\begin{align}f(n+1) &= (n+1)^2 \\ &= n^2 + 2n + 1\end{align}	${\begin{aligned}f(n+1)&=(n+1)^{2}\\&=n^{2}+2n+1\end{aligned}}$

Zöögh da caràtar

Lètere greghe minüscule (senza omicron !)	\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \varepsilon \zeta \eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi o \pi \varpi \rho \sigma \varsigma \tau \upsilon \phi \varphi \chi \psi \omega	$\alpha \;\beta \;\gamma \;\delta \;\epsilon \;\varepsilon \;\zeta \;\eta \;\theta \;\iota \;\kappa \;\lambda \;\mu \;\nu \,$<br\> $\xi \;o\;\pi \;\varpi \;\rho \;\sigma \;\varsigma \;\tau \;\upsilon \;\phi \;\varphi \;\chi \;\psi \;\omega \,$
Lètere greghe majüscule (senza Omicron !)	\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi O \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega	$\mathrm {A} \;\mathrm {B} \;\Gamma \;\Delta \;\mathrm {E} \;\mathrm {Z} \;\mathrm {H} \;\Theta \;\mathrm {I} \;\mathrm {K} \;\Lambda \;\mathrm {M} \,$<br\> $\mathrm {N} \;\Xi \;O\;\Pi \;\mathrm {P} \;\Sigma \;\mathrm {T} \;\Upsilon \;\Phi \;\mathrm {X} \;\Psi \;\Omega \,$
Cungjuunt üsüaj	x\in\mathbb{R}\sub\mathbb{C}	$x\in \mathbb {R} \subset \mathbb {C}$
gras (par i vetuur)	\mathbf{x}\cdot\mathbf{y} = 0	$\mathbf {x} \cdot \mathbf {y} =0$
Fraktur	\mathfrak{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} \mathfrak{n o p q r s t u v w x y z} \mathfrak{A B C D E F G H I J K L M N} \mathfrak{O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z}	${\mathfrak {abcdefghijklm}}$ ${\mathfrak {nopqrstuvwxyz}}$ ${\mathfrak {ABCDEFGHIJKLMN}}$ ${\mathfrak {OPQRSTUVWXYZ}}$
Grass	\mathbf{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \mathbf{NOPQRSTUVWXYZ}	$\mathbf {ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \,$ $\mathbf {NOPQRSTUVWXYZ} \,$
Rumà	\mathrm{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \mathrm{NOPQRSTUVWXYZ}	$\mathrm {ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \,$ $\mathrm {NOPQRSTUVWXYZ} \,$
nurmaal	ABCDEFGHIJKLM NOPQRSTUVWXYZ	$ABCDEFGHIJKLM\,$ $NOPQRSTUVWXYZ\,$
Script	\mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \mathcal{NOPQRSTUVWXYZ}	${\mathcal {ABCDEFGHIJKLM}},$ ${\mathcal {NOPQRSTUVWXYZ}}\,$
Ebrée	\aleph \beth \daleth \gimel	$\aleph \;\beth \;\daleth \;\gimel$

Delimitaduur in le grande equazziú

Malvaas	( \frac{1}{2} )	$({\frac {1}{2}})$
Mej	\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )	$\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)$

\left e \right i pöö vess druvaa cun diveers delimitaduur :

Paréntesi	\left( A \right)	$\left(A\right)$
Crochets	\left[ A \right]	$\left[A\right]$
Accolades	\left\{ A \right\}	$\left\{A\right\}$
Chevrons	\left\langle A \right\rangle	$\left\langle A\right\rangle$
Bare (da valuur assulüda, par esempi)	\left| A \right|	$\left|A\right|$
Duvrée \left. e \right. Par fá parí noma ü di delimitaduur	\left. {A \over B} \right\} \to X	$\left.{A \over B}\right\}\to X$

Spazziameent

Ul TeX al gestiss autumaticameent la plüpaart di prubleem da spazziameent, però vuu pudii vurí cuntrulá ul spazziameent manüalameent in di caas.

dòbi quadratí	a \qquad b	$a\qquad b$
quadratí	a \quad b	$a\quad b$
graant spazzi	a\ b	$a\ b$
spazzi medi	a\;b	$a\;b$
spazzi fí	a\,b	$a\,b$
mia da spazzi	ab	$ab\,$
spazziameent negatiif	a\!b	$a\!b$

Astüzzia

Par furzá una fórmüla a la plena taja, al è assée da gjuntá un spazzi fí al finaal da la fórmüla: \, (contre-oblique vírgüla )

<math>a(1+e^2/2)</math> al dà $a(1+e^{2}/2)$

<math>a(1+e^2/2)\,</math> al dà $a(1+e^{2}/2)\,$

Par diminüí la taja da le fúrmüle int una línia da teest sa l pöö druvá \textstyle u \scriptstyle:

<math>A \left({B\over c}\right)</math> al dà $A\left({B \over C}\right)$

<math>\textstyle{A \left({B\over C}\right)}</math> al dà $\textstyle {A\left({B \over C}\right)}$

<math>\scriptstyle{A \left({B\over C}\right)}</math> al dà $\scriptstyle {A\left({B \over C}\right)}$

Vidée apó

Liamm da deet

• TeX
• LaTeX
• Druvatt (üsüari) da TeX.

Liamm da fö

• (Inglés) Ducümeent d'intrudüzziú à TeX, sota furmaa PDF.
• (Franzés) Ducümeent d'intrudüzziú à TeX, legí le pàgine 32 a 41.
• (Inglés) AMS LaTeX, le estensiú e cunvenziú de la suzzietaa Americana da matemàtica.
• l2p online, par cumpilá dal codi TeX int una imàgen PNG.

• Official LaTeX project site lööch web pal desvilüpameent dal LaTeX.
• MikTeX: una distribüzziú da LaTeX par Windows.
• Ul Grupp d'Üsüari da TeX e LaTeX.

• CTAN. The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network: l'archivi "ufizziaal" da tütt ul materiaal relazziunaa cun TeX e LaTeX.

Mudel:Contribuer